1. Immunity occurs when a vaccination is administered and the body forms antibodies in response to the vaccine.
a. Active natural
b. Active artificial
c. Passive natural
d. Passive artificial
✅ Answer: b. Active artificial
Rationale: Immunity developed by vaccination is called active artificial, as it stimulates antibody production.
2. A chronic infection is best exemplified by which of the following?
a. Hepatitis C virus
b. Cold sore
c. Common cold
d. Pneumonia
✅ Answer: a. Hepatitis C virus
Rationale: Hepatitis C causes long-term infection, making it a classic example of chronic infection.
3. Which of the following exemplifies an acute infection?
a. Hepatitis C virus
b. Hepatitis B virus
c. Common cold
d. Pneumonia
✅ Answer: c. Common cold
Rationale: The common cold develops quickly and resolves in a short time, making it an acute infection.
4. Microorganisms that produce disease in humans are known as:
a. Nonpathogenic
b. Pathogens
c. Pasteurized
d. Germs
✅ Answer: b. Pathogens
Rationale: Pathogens are disease-causing organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
5. Bacteria can be identified by shape. Which of the following is a bacterial shape?
a. Spherical (cocci)
b. Rod (bacilli)
c. Spiral (spirochetes)
d. All of the above
✅ Answer: d. All of the above
Rationale: Bacteria exist in various shapes—cocci, bacilli, and spirochetes.
6. An infection from a weak immune system, allowing normal microbes to cause disease, is called:
a. Chronic infection
b. Latent infection
c. Acute infection
d. Opportunistic infection
✅ Answer: d. Opportunistic infection
Rationale: These occur in immunocompromised individuals, allowing harmless microbes to cause illness.
7. When passing an instrument for use on tooth number 17, the working end should be:
a. Upward
b. Downward
c. Facing right
d. Facing left
✅ Answer: b. Downward
Rationale: Tooth #17 is a lower molar, so the instrument’s working end should be directed downward.
8. Which of the following medications could increase BP and HR?
a. Aspirin
b. Warfarin
c. OTC cold medications
d. Nitroglycerine
✅ Answer: c. OTC cold medications
Rationale: Many contain pseudoephedrine, a stimulant that raises heart rate and blood pressure.
9. What is the most commonly used formulation of topical anesthetic in dentistry?
a. 20% lidocaine
b. 5% lidocaine
c. 5% benzocaine
d. 20% benzocaine
✅ Answer: d. 20% benzocaine
Rationale: 20% benzocaine is commonly used due to its quick onset and effective surface numbing.
10. Why is diazepam (Valium) administered before molar extraction?
a. To reduce nausea
b. To reduce anxiety
c. To increase metabolism
d. To control muscles
✅ Answer: b. To reduce anxiety
Rationale: Diazepam helps patients relax by reducing preoperative anxiety.
11. Codeine is classified under which abuse potential category?
a. Schedule I
b. Schedule II
c. Schedule III
d. Schedule IV
✅ Answer: c. Schedule III
Rationale: Codeine with non-opioid drugs is Schedule III—moderate abuse potential.
12. Nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation is commonly used for:
a. Adenoid obstruction
b. Dental anxiety
c. Nasal deformity
d. Bronchitis
✅ Answer: b. Dental anxiety
Rationale: It safely reduces anxiety during dental procedures and acts quickly.
13. Which drug is contraindicated in patients with peptic ulcers?
a. Aspirin
b. Acetaminophen
c. Morphine
d. Codeine
✅ Answer: a. Aspirin
Rationale: Aspirin irritates the stomach lining and can worsen ulcers.
14. Drug of choice for inflammatory dental pain is:
a. Aspirin
b. Morphine
c. Acetaminophen
d. Ibuprofen
✅ Answer: d. Ibuprofen
Rationale: Ibuprofen is an NSAID effective in reducing dental pain and inflammation.
15. In the U.S., nitrous oxide tanks are color-coded:
a. Green
b. White
c. Blue
d. Orange
✅ Answer: c. Blue
Rationale: Blue tanks identify nitrous oxide in U.S. healthcare settings.
16. Dental caries classification is based on decay location. Who developed the most widely used system?
a. GV Black
b. Pierre Fauchard
c. Wilhelm Roentgen
d. John Greenwood
✅ Answer: a. GV Black
Rationale: GV Black developed the standard classification system for cavities based on location and extent.
17. Which of the following is not a class in GV Black’s classification of cavities?
a. Class I
b. Class IV
c. Class VI
d. Class VII
✅ Answer: d. Class VII
Rationale: GV Black’s system includes only Classes I–VI. There is no Class VII.
18. What is hyperglycemia?
a. Low blood sugar levels
b. High blood sugar levels
c. Normal blood sugar levels
d. Excessive insulin production
✅ Answer: b. High blood sugar levels
Rationale: Hyperglycemia means elevated blood sugar, often seen in diabetes.
19. Which maneuver is used to open the airway in an unconscious patient with suspected spinal injury?
a. Chest compressions
b. Abdominal thrust
c. Jaw-thrust maneuver
d. Back blows
✅ Answer: c. Jaw-thrust maneuver
Rationale: It opens the airway without moving the neck, suitable for spinal injury cases.
20. What is used to relieve a blocked airway in a conscious choking adult or child?
a. Chest compressions
b. Abdominal thrust
c. Jaw-thrust maneuver
d. Rescue breathing
✅ Answer: b. Abdominal thrust
Rationale: The Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrust) forces out the obstruction.
21. Which guideline should be followed after blood or saliva exposure in a clinical setting?
a. OSHA regulations
b. Universal precautions
c. Standard precautions
d. All of the above
✅ Answer: d. All of the above
Rationale: All guidelines work together to ensure infection prevention and staff safety.
22. What is the primary difference between an inlay and an onlay?
a. Inlay covers cusps; onlay fits within cusps
b. Inlay fits within cusps; onlay covers one or more cusps
c. Both fully cover the tooth
d. Onlay is smaller than inlay
✅ Answer: b. Inlay fits within cusps; onlay covers one or more cusps
Rationale: Inlays restore inside cusps; onlays extend over cusps for additional support.
23. In a dental office emergency:
a. All employees should assist
b. One person should respond
c. Patient should reschedule
d. Patient should be transported by staff
✅ Answer: a. All employees should assist
Rationale: Every dental staff member must be trained in basic emergency care protocols.
24. Which color is used for nitrous oxide tanks in the U.S.?
a. Green
b. White
c. Blue
d. Orange
✅ Answer: c. Blue
Rationale: In the U.S., blue tanks are designated for nitrous oxide.
25. What is a cephostat used for?
a. To take denture impressions
b. Measure periodontal pockets
c. Stabilize head for cephalometric X-rays
d. Adjust orthodontic braces
✅ Answer: c. Stabilize head for cephalometric X-rays
Rationale: Cephostats hold the head in position for accurate cephalometric imaging.
26. In dentistry, a plunger is mainly used in:
a. Endodontics
b. Pediatric dentistry
c. Orthodontics
d. Prosthodontics
✅ Answer: d. Prosthodontics
Rationale: A plunger is used in denture fabrication and impression procedures.
27. Primary function of a fissure sealant is to:
a. Act as a cavity liner
b. Prevent tooth decay
c. Strengthen enamel
d. Repair existing cavities
✅ Answer: b. Prevent tooth decay
Rationale: Sealants create a barrier to protect deep grooves from plaque and food.
28. Treatment for a choking patient should begin when:
a. Patient becomes unconscious
b. Patient coughs vigorously
c. Breathing and speech are impaired
d. Patient asks for assistance
✅ Answer: c. Breathing and speech are impaired
Rationale: Intervention starts when the patient can’t breathe or speak, indicating a blocked airway.
29. What area lies between the operator zone and the assistant zone in four-handed dentistry?
a. Static zone
b. Transfer zone
c. Sterile zone
d. Contaminated zone
✅ Answer: b. Transfer zone
Rationale: The transfer zone is where instruments are passed between dentist and assistant.
30. Identify the correct use of Diazepam before a dental procedure:
a. To reduce nausea
b. To reduce anxiety
c. To increase metabolism
d. To control muscle movement
✅ Answer: b. To reduce anxiety
Rationale: Diazepam is a sedative used to relax anxious patients before surgery.
31. Which drug is contraindicated in patients with peptic ulcers?
a. Aspirin
b. Acetaminophen
c. Morphine
d. Codeine
✅ Answer: a. Aspirin
Rationale: Aspirin irritates the stomach lining, increasing ulcer risk and potential bleeding.
32. The drug of choice for dental and outpatient inflammatory pain is:
a. Aspirin
b. Morphine
c. Acetaminophen
d. Ibuprofen
✅ Answer: d. Ibuprofen
Rationale: Ibuprofen is effective in managing pain and inflammation with fewer GI side effects than aspirin.
33. Dental caries classification was developed by:
a. GV Black
b. Pierre Fauchard
c. Wilhelm Roentgen
d. John Greenwood
✅ Answer: a. GV Black
Rationale: GV Black introduced the standard cavity classification still used in modern dentistry.
34. Which is not a class in GV Black’s cavity classification?
a. Class I
b. Class IV
c. Class VI
d. Class VII
✅ Answer: d. Class VII
Rationale: The system has only six classes (I to VI); there’s no Class VII.
35. What is hyperglycemia?
a. Low blood sugar
b. High blood sugar
c. Normal blood sugar
d. Excess insulin production
✅ Answer: b. High blood sugar
Rationale: Hyperglycemia refers to elevated glucose levels, commonly seen in diabetes.
36. Which maneuver opens the airway in a trauma patient with suspected spinal injury?
a. Chest compressions
b. Abdominal thrust
c. Jaw-thrust
d. Back blows
✅ Answer: c. Jaw-thrust
Rationale: The jaw-thrust opens the airway without neck movement, suitable for trauma cases.
37. Which technique clears a blocked airway in a conscious choking adult?
a. Chest compressions
b. Abdominal thrust
c. Jaw-thrust
d. Rescue breathing
✅ Answer: b. Abdominal thrust
Rationale: Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) help expel a foreign object from the airway.
38. After exposure to blood or saliva, which guideline applies?
a. OSHA
b. Universal precautions
c. Standard precautions
d. All of the above
✅ Answer: d. All of the above
Rationale: All these protocols help prevent disease transmission in healthcare settings.
39. What is the primary difference between an inlay and an onlay?
a. Inlay covers cusps
b. Onlay fits within cusps
c. Inlay fits within cusps; onlay covers one or more
d. Both cover entire tooth
✅ Answer: c. Inlay fits within cusps; onlay covers one or more
Rationale: Onlays provide broader coverage than inlays and are used when cusps are affected.
40. In a dental office emergency:
a. All employees should assist
b. One person should act
c. Patient should reschedule
d. Staff should transport patient
✅ Answer: a. All employees should assist
Rationale: Everyone in the clinic must be trained to respond during emergencies.
41. Identify the device:
✅ Answer: Space maintainer
Rationale: It preserves space for permanent teeth after early loss of primary teeth.
42. Identify the device from the picture:
✅ Answer: Dental implant screw
Rationale: A titanium screw implanted in the jaw to support crowns or dentures.
43. Operator and assistant zones are located between which zones?
a. Static zone
b. Transfer zone
c. Sterile zone
d. Contaminated zone
✅ Answer: b. Transfer zone
Rationale: The transfer zone is where instruments are passed during procedures.
44. What is a cephostat used for in dentistry?
a. Take denture impressions
b. Measure pocket depth
c. Stabilize head for X-rays
d. Adjust braces
✅ Answer: c. Stabilize head for X-rays
Rationale: A cephostat is used during cephalometric radiography to position the head.
45. What is the function of a fissure sealant?
a. Acts as cavity liner
b. Prevents decay
c. Strengthens enamel
d. Repairs cavities
✅ Answer: b. Prevents decay
Rationale: Sealants protect pits and fissures from decay by sealing them off from bacteria.
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